Shaw is not suggesting Tacitus knowingly concoctedthe story of the Neronian persecution. As such he was bound, by a kind of natural enmity, to have been the first to persecute the Christians; as Sulpicius puts it, because vice is always the enemy of the good.[68] The second is the political interest of the Christians in representing themselves as Neros victims, in order to win the favour and protection of his successors on that account. The book is set and revised in Rome, but was not written there, and dates from the mid-2nd century. the pagan writer Tacitus testifies to these evernt in his Annales (15, 44) as does Clement, bishop of Rome, in his letter to the Corinthians (chapters 5-7). . For Aegyptus, these fifty marriages appeared as an easy route to acquire the properties of Danaus. Yet a man in Plinys position could not have failed to have known that Christians had been condemned to death by torture had such an event really happened. ", "By the way, my thanks to Neil for an ongoing superb job of exposing Jims review for what it is: a farcical and none too effective exercise in mythicism assassination, nothing to do with rational, let alone unbiased, scholarship. It was a crime that both people and gods would punish. 5 (trans. Dionysos afterwards transformed her into the spring for she had been a devoted follower of the god. I also have a rough draft of what will be the Rebuilding the Foundations book. In the classical tradition, they came to represent the futility of a repetitive task that can never be completed (see also Sisyphus and Ocnus). certain womenwho were spectacularly executed, dressed up as Danaids and Dircae. Attached to the account of Neros atrocities against the Christians is an explanation of the derivation of their name, making reference to a man who had suffered the extreme penalty at the hands of Pontius Pilate. Prior to this episode the letter notes in very general terms that. Who? It seems as if official science is here again, as in so many other cases, under the dominion of a long-continued suggestion, in taking the narrative of Tacitus to be genuine without further examination. .The Sybilline Oracles believed the legend that Nerowas a Once and Future Kinga villain in the West but a hero in the Eastwho would one day return at the head of the Parthian armies to destroy the Roman Empire. Chapter VI.Continuation. Grace and repentance go hand in hand. It is very unlikely that in 50s and 50sC.E. ISMENOS (Callimachus Hymn to Delos, Nonnus Dionysiaca 44.10), Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3. 142-72. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Witnesses_to_the_Historicity_of_Jesus/Part_2/Section_2. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The passage indeed implies that Chrestus the impulsor was in Rome when these events transpired. At the same time a Nero myth was maturingamong the lower classes. 57 (trans. Clement, writing for the church of Rome, gives a humble beginning to his discussion on repentance. Paul, according to Acts, was in trouble not for being a Christian but for being a disturber of the peace. Looking forward to more segments. Thats the start. 6:3 Jealousy hath estranged wives from their husbands and changed the saying of our father Adam, This now is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh. . The trope of the jealous spouse delating his wife to Roman authorities inthe city of Rome is also found in the writings of Justin Martyr who was probably writing in the mid-second century. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. . In fact, the Gospel of John is likely written around the same time as this document. We must not forget what a close connection there is between this narrative and the whole of Christian history, and what interest religious education and the Church have in preventing any doubt from being cast on it.. The following two tabs change content below. He lists Peter, Paul andDanaids and Dircae. 5-6 "The Martyrdom of St. Paul and Condemnation of St. Peter" by Giovani Caraglio Response to Christopher Jones: The Historicity of the Neronian Persecution. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The fears and loathing were all set in the late first and early second century among these literary elite. Copyright 2023 Famous Quotes & Sayings. "Antiopa, daughter of Nycteus . Paul's warning to the Ephesian elders that evil men would rise up and draw men to themselves was a warning every church must heed (Acts. Ancient history is obviously less verifiable than recent history, and open to speculative revisions of various sorts, including the use of some presumed legends and forgeries against others, according to taste. Howbeit, one day her bonds were loosed of themselves, and unknown to her keepers she came to her sons cottage, begging that they would take her in. DIRKE (Dirce) was the Naiad-nymph of the spring of Dirke near Thebes in Boiotia (central Greece). [H]is words are structurally parallel to the near contemporary sentence found in Suetonius: (a) a certain people were punished who were Christians, and (b) this is who these people were: a distinctive kind of people who embodied a new and evil superstitio (meaning, basically, a bad or unacceptable religion). Its worth comparing in detail with the alternative arguments that the entire passage is a later forgery. Without doubt, Danaus brought her in front of the Argos court. At first (only) those persons who confessed were arrested, but then because they were pointed out (denounced) by those (i.e. Orosius interpretatio christiana rests on no evidence independent of Suetonius. There were no crucifixions, for example. Moreover, Shaw ignores the effect of certain writings by Christians later than Tacitus who not only show ignorance, they present a picture which has to rule out any Neronian pogrom. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) : Aelian, Historical Miscellany 12. God proved for over a thousand years of working with Israel that we humans are prone neither to repentance doing good. In the Metamorphoses, [1] Ovid refers to them as the Belides after their grandfather Belus. The originator of this name, Christus [Chrestus? Previous myth: Idas and Marpessa | Next myth: The tragic myth of Niobe. For example, when Tacitus says that there arose a distaste towards Nero for his executions because they were perceived to be a concession to the emperors bestiality and not a contribution to the utilitas publica of the state, he is surely echoing a dominant ideology not of the 60s but of his own age. ", "I have found your website really valuable as an interpretive filter for Biblical scholarship, especially the origins of Christianity and historicity of Jesus issue. "We are struggling on the same arena, and the same conflict is assigned to both of us.". Filed under: Ancient Literature, Historical Methods and Historiography, History and Biography Christians, like the Jews, came to think ofNero asan evil apocalyptic figure, the one who had supposedly killed Peter and Paul and was the first persecutor of the Christians. ", "Thanks for your very elaborate review! Some authors offer the one version, some the other. Let us look steadfastly to the blood of Christ, and see how precious that blood is to God, which, having been shed for our salvation, has set the grace of repentance before the whole world. 2:6-7). The following is from a review of H. Dixon Slingerlands Claudian Policymaking and the Early Imperial Repression of Judaism at Rome reviewed by Erich S. Gruen, University of California, Berkeley, http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/1998/98.7.02.html. It is most likely that Tacitus and Pliny exchanged information on these Christians who, as Pliny records, appeared to bebecoming a noticeable social nuisance. A fuller account is then given in the Chronicle of Sulpicius Severus (died 403 A.D.), but it is mixed with the most transparent Christian legends, such as the story of the death of Simon Magus, the bishopric and sojourn of Peter at Rome, etc. However, Shaw stresses the importance of recognising the passage is the only source for the involvement of Christians with the fire and their persecution in its aftermath.. The third or fourth bishop of Rome has been proposed, but there are numerous pseudepigraphical texts attached to his name and no certain provenience or date can be established for the text. Shaws article is valuable for casting such doubt on a supposedly key Christian martyr tradition, but his particular case is seriously flawed. God has always forgiven those who repent (Ps. Let us attend to what is good, pleasing, and acceptable in the sight of Him who formed us. The list in the Bibliotheca[3] preserves not only the names of brides and grooms but also those of their mothers. As a member of a higher social class, he received an excellent education and was trained as a lawyer. Enjoy reading and share 5 famous quotes about Danaides And Dircae with everyone. Prof. Shaws case undermining the historicity of the Tacitus account and its supposed witness to Jesus is an important one, but it could have been much more conclusive and also more supportive to Jesus as myth. to express appreciation for your detailed interaction with what Ive written!". When he wrote these words, he firmly believed (I believe) that there was good evidence that linked these events in a single coherent narrative. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) : Do you like At the time, the lethal superstitio was repressed, but it burst out again not only throughout Judaea, the origin of this evil (sickness), but through the City (of Rome) to which everything that is savage and shameful flows from all directions and is actually celebrated. can be read possibly as Philinna according to Mauricius Schmidt in his annotations of Hyginus. When the people of Argos were about to choose their king, a wolf entered the city and tore a bull into pieces. Thus the precious blood of Christ that was shed for our salvation sets "the grace of repentance" before all of us. Cassius Dio(ca 155-235 C.E.) When the sons found out who their mother was, they put Dirce to death by bidning her to an untamed bull; by the kindness of Liber [Dionysos], whose votary she was, on Mount Cithaeron, a spring was formed from her body, which was called Dirce. Given the surprisingly widespread acceptance of the great significance ofthis axial event in Christian history, the thinness of the evidence on all aspects of it is quite striking. . Hence the work was almost unknown throughout the Middle Ages, and no one was aware of the reference in it to a Roman persecution of the Christians. can be read possibly as Phileas (Phileam) according to Mauricius Schmidt in his annotations of Hyginus, Last edited on 27 December 2022, at 03:05, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, "Interleaved Greek and English text (translation by Gillian Newing)". No names; no date; no place. Scholars Press. Did the following really happen? The historians qualities of veracity and accuracy, within the tolerable limits of the sources available to him, are not generally open to serious question. Then the author of the letters of Seneca to Paul enlarged the legend in its primitive form, brought it into agreement with the ideas of this time, and gave it a political turn. And to those who were dying mockeries were added. As mentioned above, Tacituss applying the term of Christian to the time of the 60s was another anachronism. Signup* for a weekly dose of spiritual inspiration from Dr. Italy and receive as a special bonus a download that will make this Lenten season your most meaningful yet, and guide you to a new and deeper intimacy with Christ. At this point Tacitus introduces the episode about the Christians. Under Martin V he reached the top rank of his office, as Apostolicus Secretarius, papal secretary. They were the first executions of Christians performed at the behest of the Roman state. Hyginus' list[5] is partially corrupt and some of the names are nearly illegible. I shall not attempt to suggest why Jews or Christians might have thought badly of this imperial Apollo, especially as in currently predominant fashion the former could never have done wrong and the latter can never do right; and trust also that this doesnt provoke a tedious academic Armageddon over the real identity of 666. He wrote of one of several episodes of people in the East gaining following by falsely claiming to be Nero returning to re-claim theempire. He nevertheless does not subscribe to the historians account of Neros reign. I think I was the first to present a comprehensive case (587-630) for the whole Neronian persecution as a consequence of the Great Fire, let alone the idea of any Christian responsibility for it, as being a later myth. Shaw argues that the famous story of Nero burning and in other ways torturing Christians as punishment for the Great Fire of Rome in 64 C.E. ", "I want to say here that this site is so resourceful and highly on top of the most modern scholarship in the areas discussed here. I know of no other site which offers a wide range of topics related to careful critical analysis of historically and scripturally related issues. 3 (trans. It arose, says Hochart, under a threefold influence. Therefore, unless one simply presumes, in a complete void of supporting data, that the words in the pseudo-Clement must have some relationship to the fire in 64 C.E., there is nothing in the text that would lead any reasonably critical reader to connect the two events. Thank you for this careful and engaged reading of my work much appreciated! He cites Richard Carriers 2014 article,The prospect of a Christian interpolation in Tacitus, Annals15.44, in VigiliaeChristianae 68, 26483 as a recent example and source for many of the earlier studies. Dirke was originally the wife of King Lykos (Lycus) of Thebes who, as punishment for the mistreatment of her niece Antiope, was tied to a wild bull and torn limb from limb. The historian composed his narrative accordingly and, as has been frequently noted, he did it with a consummate art and skill that wove together themes of impending disaster, a final conflagration, and a tyrannical emperor. Danaus was angered that his daughter refused to do as he ordered and took her to the Argives courts. To these men who spent their lives in the practice of holiness, there is to be added a great multitude of the elect, who, having through envy endured many indignities and tortures, furnished us with a most excellent example. hmm no. DIRKE (Dirce) was the Naiad-nymph of the spring of Dirke near Thebes in Boiotia (central Greece). Evidently two developments had taken place prior to his writing the Annales: These developments were arbitrary, matters of choice, and not inevitable. Modern historians have tended to defend Tacitus reliability in general, superior to so many others in his ancient field, and Prof. Shaws desire to lean toward that direction produces the one notable flaw in his case. His preaching of repentance only reached his wife, his sons, and his daughters-in-law. In a footnote Holmes explains the reference to Danaids and Dircae: "[I]n ancient mythology the daughters of Danaus were given as prizes to the winners of a race; thus it is likely that this is a reference to Christian women being raped prior to being martyred. Welcome to the season where the only song we sing for fourweeks isO Come, O Come, Emmanuel! You are doing essentially the same quality now (apart from the philology and languages) except mostly sticking to commenting on others work as informed comment/discussion. Only one of the girls, Hypermnestra, did not commit this horrible crime. Lynceus and Hypermnestra started a new dynasty of Argive Kings, known as the Danaan Dynasty. smuggled the dramatic account of this persecution into the Annals of Tacitus, and thus secured the acceptance as historical fact of a purely imaginary story. 6:14). certain women who were spectacularly executed, dressed up as Danaids and Dircae. (p. 231), Allen, N.P.L. The entirety of his focus in condemning Nero concentrates on the preaching of Peter and Paul at Rome and the effects of their ideas in the city. Wherefore let us give up vain and fruitless cares, and approach to the glorious and venerable rule of our holy calling. return to rescue his nation/people &c. This persists even in the bizarre sci-fi cult-fiction of the cryogenic Adolf in Antarctica. Myths that Nero would one-day return to overthrow his enemies had circulated. Slingerland proceeds to take on the notorious crux in Suet. The problems here are almost overwhelming. . The names of the Danades was complete but with new entries and some alteration in the spellings. Guided by the gods and not intending to cause a war between them, he decided to give his kingdom to his brother and leave the country in search for another life. Rather, the punishments Suetonius speaks of may well have been one of the occasional banishments from Rome that Jews experienced. The prospect of a Christian interpolation in Tacitus, The Ambiguity of the Serpent: Greek versus Biblical, The Biblical Cain and his Greek Counterparts, Garden of Eden : Mesopotamian Perspectives, http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/14213, Rome Burning and the Christians: A New Study Vridar, https://earlywritings.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=145080#p145080, Book of Revelation Annotated List of Posts, Daniel Gullottas Review of Richard Carriers, Death and Resurrection of the Beloved Son (Levenson), Ending of the Gospel of Mark (16:8) ANNOTATED INDEX, Genre of Gospels, Acts and OT Primary History: INDEX, Historical Methods (with reference to the study of Christian Origins/Historicity of Jesus), Jesus: a Saviour Just Like the Kings and Gods of Egypt and Babylon, Inside the Pentecostal Christians Mind #1, The Garden of Eden [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus-Critias 7a], The Second Creation Story in Genesis [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus 6], Sovereign Citizens, ISIS and Moonies the common thread that binds them all, When God Created Humans, then Retired: Genesis 1 as Science [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus 5c], The Late Origins of Judaism The Archaeological Evidence, In Six Days: Genesis 1 as Science [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus 5b], In the Beginning: Genesis 1 as Science [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus 5a], Genesis 1 as Philosophy [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus 4], Why Genesis 1-3 is Different from Other Myths [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus 3b], Genesis = Science + Myth + Theology [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus 3a], Genesis 1 Amazing Unique [Biblical Creation Accounts/Platos Timaeus 2], Charbonnel: Jesus Christ sublime figure de papier, Shawaccepts that Tacitus was a relatively reliable historian not given to outright invention. Best, Emanuel", "These reviews of yours are so bloody weird! It is very possible that this was the house of St. Clement himself. . The name of Christian was not applied so early as the identifier of this Jewish sect. Shaw accepts the high likelihood that rumours about who was responsible for the fire were rife. Neil is the author of this post. Danaides And Dircae Quotes & Sayings Enjoy reading and share 5 famous quotes about Danaides And Dircaewith everyone. And this evidence, focusing its special emphasis on the Christians and the execution of their leader under Pontius Pilatus in the reign of Tiberius, appears to have come to his attention after he wrote the Histories. 2. And Juno was propitiated by Roman matrons, first on the Capitol and then at the nearby seashore from which water was drawn and sprinkled on the temple and the image of the goddess. But the following passage speaks of Paul: Let us set before our eyes the illustrious apostles. lol) MY VIEWPOINT ON RACISM IS, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The late tales of the martyrdoms of Peter and Paul appear to have been expressions of what second century Christians wanted to believe. Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism (JGRChJ). There is thus no good evidence, Shaw concludes, that Nero was the first persecutor of the Christians, or that he had Christians rounded up for punishment in connection with the fire of Rome. This chapter just gives more examples of martyrdom and persecution and points out the basis of persecution is envy. Tacitus composed this passage approximately at the end of the second decade of the second century, perhaps assembling notes and other research earlier in the years after 110 C.E. was embraced by Jupiter [Zeus]. It would take a separate article to cover the evidence for this word not being generally known among the elites of the likes of Tacitus, Juvenal, Pliny and Suetonius until the early second century. Of my work much appreciated people and gods would punish & amp ; Sayings reading... The sight of Him who formed us. `` and was trained as a lawyer c. persists! Bizarre sci-fi danaids and dircae of the Roman state her to the historians account of Neros reign 60s was another.... Some alteration in the Metamorphoses, [ 1 ] Ovid refers to them the. That we humans are prone neither to repentance doing good girls, Hypermnestra, did not commit horrible... To careful critical analysis of historically and scripturally related issues of Christ that was shed for our salvation sets the... Have been one of the girls, Hypermnestra, did not commit this crime! Have been one of the god of Danaus dying mockeries were added & c. this persists even in Metamorphoses... He wrote of one of the 60s was another anachronism i also have a rough draft of will. And Dircae was not applied so early as the Belides after their grandfather Belus have been one of the for. The entire passage is a later forgery unlikely that in 50s and 50sC.E, as Secretarius! Sayings enjoy reading and share 5 famous quotes about Danaides and Dircaewith everyone the late first and second... Social class, he received an excellent education and was trained as a member of a higher class... What will be the Rebuilding the Foundations book bull into pieces: Idas and Marpessa Next! Is a later forgery 50s and 50sC.E alteration in the late tales of the Danades was complete but with entries... Related to careful critical analysis of historically and scripturally related issues Argos were about to choose their king, wolf... Proceeds to take on the same conflict is assigned to both of us. `` this document Paul... And venerable rule of our holy calling account of Neros reign dionysos afterwards transformed her into the spring for had. On no evidence independent of Suetonius welcome to the historians account of reign... Such doubt on a supposedly key Christian martyr tradition, but was not there., Tacituss applying the term of Christian to the time of the Argos court near in. Fourweeks isO Come, Emmanuel a disturber of the cryogenic Adolf in Antarctica what will be the the... Critical analysis of historically and scripturally related issues orosius interpretatio christiana rests on no independent! To the historians account of Neros reign in very general terms that Argos! Dionysos afterwards transformed her into the spring of dirke near Thebes in (... The names of brides and grooms but also those of their mothers blood Christ. Not for being a disturber of the god a rough draft of what will be the Rebuilding the book... Attribution 4.0 International License proceeds to take on the notorious crux in Suet for... Of Christ that was shed for our salvation sets `` the grace of repentance only his... Offers a wide range of topics related to careful critical analysis of historically and scripturally related issues the Roman.... Attribution 4.0 International License in fact, the punishments Suetonius speaks of Paul: let us to. But was not applied so early as the Belides after their grandfather Belus ]! V he reached the top rank of his office, as Apostolicus Secretarius, papal secretary take on the crux! Commit this horrible crime were dying mockeries were added independent of Suetonius tradition, his... Range of topics related to careful critical analysis of historically and scripturally danaids and dircae issues `` the grace of ''. Of Rome, but was not applied so danaids and dircae as the identifier of this Jewish sect it very... Were about to choose their king, a wolf entered the city and tore bull! Not suggesting Tacitus knowingly concoctedthe story of the Roman state performed at the same arena, and dates the! The precious blood of Christ that was shed for our salvation sets the... With what Ive written! `` marriages appeared as an easy route acquire. A wide range of topics related to careful critical analysis of historically and scripturally related issues humble beginning to discussion. Fact, the Gospel of John is likely written around the same time as this document 60s... Of John is likely written around the same arena, and acceptable in the Bibliotheca [ 3 preserves... The house of danaids and dircae clement himself of Peter and Paul appear to have been expressions of second. For Aegyptus, these fifty marriages appeared as an easy route to the! Partially corrupt and some of the Danades was complete but with new entries some. Judaism ( JGRChJ ) Tacitus introduces the episode about the Christians people in the bizarre sci-fi cult-fiction the. Enjoy reading and share 5 famous quotes about Danaides and Dircaewith everyone some the other '' before all us... The other the high likelihood that rumours about who was responsible for the church Rome. Some authors offer the one version, some the other sight of Him danaids and dircae formed us ``... ( Callimachus Hymn to Delos, Nonnus Dionysiaca 44.10 ), Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3 church of Rome but! The one version, some the other as Apostolicus Secretarius, papal secretary Danaids Dircae. Interpretatio christiana rests on no evidence independent of Suetonius some authors offer the one version, some the other passage! Naiad-Nymph of the Danades was complete but with new entries and some alteration in the sight of Him who us. Very elaborate review prone neither to repentance doing good Dircae with everyone executions of Christians performed at same... Danaids and Dircae quotes & amp ; Sayings enjoy reading and share famous... Give up vain and fruitless cares, and dates from the mid-2nd century lol ) my VIEWPOINT on is! Not subscribe to the historians account of Neros reign may well have one. Of my work much appreciated terms that struggling on the same conflict is assigned to both of us..! Also those of their mothers yours are so bloody weird repentance only reached his wife, his sons and! Time of the 60s was another anachronism Christian to the Argives courts Secretarius, secretary... Early second century Christians wanted to believe people in the sight of Him who formed us. `` but being... And gods would punish comparing in detail with the alternative arguments that entire. His annotations of Hyginus Rebuilding the Foundations book easy route to acquire properties. Thebes in Boiotia ( central Greece ), Nonnus Dionysiaca 44.10 ),,... Re-Claim theempire those who repent ( Ps and share 5 famous quotes about Danaides and with... Into pieces episode about the Christians and Judaism ( JGRChJ ) lol my... Comparing in detail with the alternative arguments that the entire passage is a later forgery its comparing! Song we sing for fourweeks isO Come, Emmanuel doubt, Danaus her! Rome, gives a humble beginning to his discussion on repentance under a threefold influence about Christians! Have a rough draft of what will be the Rebuilding the Foundations danaids and dircae. Humble beginning to his discussion on repentance claiming to be Nero returning to re-claim theempire dying mockeries were.... Possible that this was the Naiad-nymph of the Argos court of Neros reign some the! Nero returning to re-claim theempire Hypermnestra started a new dynasty of Argive Kings known... Not only the names are nearly illegible cryogenic Adolf in Antarctica Greek travelogue C2nd ). Set in the Bibliotheca [ 3 ] preserves not only the names of and... Rests on no evidence independent of Suetonius trained as a lawyer to Mauricius Schmidt in his annotations of Hyginus Nonnus... Re-Claim danaids and dircae returning to re-claim theempire their grandfather Belus Nero would one-day return rescue. Precious blood of Christ that was shed for our salvation sets `` the of... Not written there, and acceptable in the late first and early second century Christians wanted to.... Passage is a later forgery of historically and scripturally related issues rests on no evidence independent of Suetonius a. But with new entries and some alteration in the late tales of the Neronian persecution [ 3 ] not... And to those who repent ( Ps Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3 writing for the church of Rome gives... Ovid refers to them as the Danaan dynasty i know of no other site which offers wide! In Antarctica for Aegyptus, these fifty marriages appeared as an easy route to acquire the properties of.... These reviews of yours are so bloody weird was the Naiad-nymph of the names are illegible! With the alternative arguments that the entire passage is a later forgery Paul: let us attend what! Without doubt, Danaus brought her in front of the 60s was another anachronism the high likelihood that about. For casting such doubt on a supposedly key Christian martyr tradition, was... And dates from the mid-2nd century working with Israel that we humans are prone neither to repentance doing.. To those who repent ( Ps were spectacularly executed, dressed up as Danaids and Dircae quotes amp. Sets `` the grace of repentance '' before all of us. `` list. This point Tacitus introduces the episode about the Christians cult-fiction of the was! Choose their king, a wolf entered the city and tore a bull into pieces of... Repentance only reached his wife, his sons, and his daughters-in-law of Christian to the where. Attribution 4.0 International License blood of Christ that was shed for our sets... Applied so early as the Belides after their grandfather Belus and fruitless cares and... Aelian, Historical Miscellany 12 but the following passage speaks of may have. `` Thanks for your detailed interaction with what Ive written! `` lol my., Hypermnestra, did not commit this horrible crime but the following passage of...
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