)from petroleum and other liquids: 57.867 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The law does not adequately cover migrant workers employed primarily in construction and as domestic workers. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. )imports: 531 million kWh (2019 est. Since 2015, the government has imposed additional restrictions on access to foreign exchange for imports, and import quotas for specific products, such as cars. ), air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban, particulate matter emissions: 35.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. Domestic violence remains a society-wide problem. Striking requires a secret ballot of the whole workforce. Due to this law, after the legislative elections of 2012, women held approximately 32 percent of seats (146 out of 462) in the National Peoples Congress. Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. Intelligence services arrested journalist Said Chitour in June 2017 and accused him of sharing intelligence with a foreign power. )-$16.954 billion (2019 est.). 1958-03-17: Sada department created by taking parts of Oran, Saoura, and Tiaret departments. )imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. Intelligence activities fall under three intelligence directorates reporting to a presidential national security counselor and performing functions related specifically to internal, external, and technical security. Police arrested blogger Merzoug Touati in January 2017 on charges stemming from his online publication of an interview with a former Israeli diplomat. Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in May 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. The General Directorate of National Security (DGSN) stated that it received 131 complaints of violence or threats by officers and conducted 163 investigations into those threats. According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. Various international humanitarian organizations and observers criticized the operations, citing unacceptable conditions of transport, primarily on the Niger side of the border, and what they described as a lack of coordination among the Algerian Red Crescent, the government of Niger, and the Red Cross of Niger. Press and Media Freedom: The National Agency for Publishing and Advertising (ANEP) controls public advertising for print media. The government said that it maintained a policy of not removing migrants registered with UNHCR, and that in a few cases it worked with UNHCR to return registered refugees who were mistakenly removed. There was no evidence of any pattern of discrimination toward asylum applicants, but the lack of a formal asylum system made this difficult to assess. Local authorities refused the follow on request for another event. The NGOs reported harassment and threats of imprisonment by government authorities. split from Sada; Relizane split from Mostaganem; Souk Ahras split from Guelma; Tindouf split from Bchar; Tipaza )government consumption: 20.2% (2017 est. An annex was the area dominated by a fort, and was part of a cercle. The law prohibits torture and prescribes prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years for government agents found guilty of torture. The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. The government devoted increasing resources and attention to it. Chitour has been detained in El Harrach prison since then without trial and faces life imprisonment if convicted. )permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est. A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. Defendants have the right to be present during their trial but may be tried in absentia if they do not respond to a summons ordering their appearance. Early and Forced Marriage: The legal minimum age of marriage is 19 for both men and women, but minors may marry with parental consent, regardless of gender. Some observers, including government-appointed human rights officials, attributed overcrowding in pretrial detention facilities to continued overuse of pretrial detention, despite reforms in 2015 that sought to reduce the practice. Although the government did not renew the accreditation of LADDH, the organization had members countrywide, received independent funding, and was one of the most active independent human rights groups. Status of Government Respect for Religious Sexual Harassment: The punishment for sexual harassment is one to two years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment doubles for a second offense. The facilities were located in Sidi Fredj. In February the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women and UN Women launched an administrative database, named AMANE, to collect information on violence against women. Ouled-Djellal arrondissement from Aumale department merged with Barika arrondissement of Stif department to become Barika ), total dependency ratio: 58.5youth dependency ratio: 48.7elderly dependency ratio: 9.8potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est. Amnesty International maintained an office and actively reported on human rights issues, but it did not receive official authorization to operate from the Ministry of Interior. The law also stipulates the collection of resources from contributions by the partys members, donations, and revenue from its activities, in addition to possible state funding. Furthermore, all public demonstrations, including protests and strikes, must receive prior government authorization. Under the law, the government may conduct electronic surveillance to prevent terrorist or subversive acts and infractions against state security, pursuant to written authorization from a competent judicial authority. Political Parties and Political Participation: The Ministry of Interior must approve political parties before they may operate legally. Algeria Telephone + (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency + (213) 770-08-2200 Fax 0770-08-2299 Email ACSAlgiers@state.gov Website U.S. Embassy Algiers Algeria Map These groups targeted security services personnel in periodic but small-scale attacks. ), total: 0.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The law also provides for the creation of independent unions, although the unions membership must account for at least 20 percent of an enterprises workforce. Regulations require the shareholders and managers of any radio or television channel to be Algerian citizens and prohibit them from broadcasting content that offends values anchored in Algerian society.. In 2002-02, a constitutional amendment recognized Tamazigh (the written language of the largest Berber group) They also report that owners of public gathering spaces have been told not to rent their locations to certain NGOs. The law states that members of local, provincial, and national assemblies are elected for five-year terms and that presidential elections occur within 30 days prior to the expiration of the presidential term. There were several strikes launched in reaction to the governments refusal to extend official recognition to fledgling new unions and its practice of engaging only with the UGTA. A national committee is responsible for monitoring and publishing an annual report on the rights of children. School administrators must allow migrant and refugee children to enroll in primary school through high school and require only that they present their passport and documentation showing their level of schooling from their home country. UNHCR offices in Algiers reported an estimated 200 to 300 asylum requests per month, mostly from Syrian, Palestinian, and sub-Saharan African individuals coming from Mali, Guinea, Central African Republic, Cote dIvoire, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The ministry stated that it worked with the Ministry of Education to integrate children with disabilities into public schools to promote inclusion. The reversal in fertility could represent a temporary fluctuation in marriage age or, less likely, a decrease in the steady rate of contraceptive use. Since then, it has re-organized twice. Arrested individuals reported that authorities held them for four to eight hours before releasing them without charges. At the end of March, the distributor received a notification from the Ministry of Communication to stop importingJeune Afriqueand other titles published by Jeune Afrique Media Group (The Africa ReportandLa Revue). According to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African countries. Defamation is not a crime but carries a fine ranging from 100,000 Algerian dinars (DZD) to DZD 500,000 ($850 to $4,252). According to a 2012 law, at least 33 percent of seats in elected assemblies are reserved for women. According to AP reports, some migrants died during the 20-kilometer desert march. For example, female migrants were subjected to debt bondage as they worked to repay smuggling debts through domestic servitude, forced begging, and forced prostitution. Penalties for noncompliance include a prison sentence of two to six months and a fine ranging from DZD 100,000 to DZD 200,000 ($850 to $1,701) and DZD 200,000 to DZD 500,000 ($1,701 to $4,251) for repeat offenders. ), total: 3,790,459 (2020 est. ), 151.633 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Recent Elections: Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Bouteflika for a fourth term. Under provisional liberty status, authorities subjected suspects to requirements such as reporting periodically to the police station in their district, stopping professional activities related to the alleged offense committed, surrendering all travel documents, and, in some terrorism-related cases, residing at an agreed-upon address. The provinces are subdivided into 160 dayrat (sub-prefectures), and further into 1,541 municipalities. The law grants the government wide-ranging oversight of and influence in the day-to-day activities of civil society organizations. 1957-08-07: Territoires du Sud (formerly department no. note: data are in current year dollars$42.347 billion (2020 est.) The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. U.S. exports to Algeria totaled $1.2 billion in 2005, an increase of more than 50% since 2003. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. SNAPAP and other independent unions faced government interference throughout the year, including official obstruction of general assembly meetings and police harassment during sit-in protests. 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