1. NEW IMPROVED VERSION: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPmhe9j08R4An in depth 8 part series on the Freemasons called, "The Hiram Abiff Series (Freemasons ritu. After an animal had been selected, his throat was cut across with one single blow, so as to divide the windpipe, arteries, and veins, without touching any bone. Ruffians--We will go back and get a pass, if that is the case. All the business of a "Blue Lodge" (a Lodge of three Degrees) is done in the Lodge while opened on this . The Master silently steps to the east, near the candidate's head, and strikes the hour of low twelve (which is twelve o'clock at night) on a triangle or bell. Masonic ritual has appeared in a number of contexts within literature including in "The Man Who Would Be King", by Rudyard Kipling, and War and Peace, by Leo Tolstoy. A. grand Masonic word on the five points of fellowship. J. W. (makes the same sign as the Senior Warden.) of Royal and Select Masters, Royal Master Degree, Order of Royal and Select Masters, Most Excellent Master 18.) 16 and 17, pages 97 and 120; also see Note L, Appendix. S. D.--At the left hand of the Worshipful Master in the east. I furthermore promise and swear that I will not be present at the making of woman a Mason, an old man in his dotage, a young man in his non-age, an atheist, a mad man, a libertine, or a fool, knowing them to be so. 1 (See p. It also represents the execution and dying groans of Jubela, the first ruffian, and is repeated twice more to represent the death of the other two ruffians. Both points of the Compasses bare; which was to teach me never to lose sight of the Masonic application of that useful and valuable instrument, which teaches friendship, morality, and Brotherly love. I have long sought this opportunity. 149:1 See Robert Morris's Freemason's Monitor, 1860. Behold! And, if finished, he would not have been permitted to enter it; for one living person alone possessed that privilege, viz., the High Priest, and he only once a year. (Gives one rap (), steps to his desk, and turns the small column down on its side, as already explained.). (Clinches candidate more fiercely.) The Applicant must perform the ritual parts from memory. Entered Apprentice Handbook. MOVEMENT ABOUT THE LODGE At no time, while the Lodge is at labor, should anyone pass between the Worshipful Craftsman--We will go in pursuit of them; they are the fellows we want. Masonic degrees are rites of initiation that teach lessons of honor, morality, and virtue. left to right: S. D., or Conductor. 9, p. 36), and then lets his hand slip off in a careless manner, and reports: "Most Worshipful King Solomon, owing to the high state of putrefaction, it having been dead already fifteen days, the skin slips, and the body cannot be raised.". A. After the candidate is conducted to the east, before the Master, the conductor takes his position behind the candidate, with a hoodwink either in his hand or secreted in his pocket. Our three ancient Grand Masters formed a resolution to reward all worthy Master Masons who should prove themselves worthy, by fidelity, industry, and skill, by communicating the omnific 5 word to them. Amen.". J. W.--Brother Gabe, is it of your own free-will and accord? 97. In youth, in Entered Apprentices. Dedicated to the Memory of Dudley H. Sheppard 1952-2006 Compiled, Edited and Approved by: Dr. Steven V. Cates Leaksville Lodge 136, Eden, NC Chair, Grand Lodge Committee on Masonic Education The Worshipful Master approaching me from the east, under the duegard of a Master Mason, who, in token of further continuance of his brotherly love and favor, presented me with his right hand, and with it the pass and token of the pass of a Master Mason, and ordered me to arise and salute the Junior and Senior Wardens as such. 12 days ago. Are you a sea-captain? Part of the fun of masonry is finding these patterns as you memorize the ritual words.The author touches on this as much as he is able to in the untyled forum of a book available to the public while still maintaining masonic secrets, and there are no spoilers that would make lower degree masons avoid this book. Investigation Committee, Grand Lodge of Wisconsin Rituals, Handbooks, xxxiv. Morgan [1827] (Murdered by J. W. (Jubela, First Ruffian.) But we are assured, that not only were the plans drawn and the specifications approved, but every other preparation was made for completing the work before the foundations were laid; even the stone and timber were carved, marked, and numbered before they were removed from the quarry and the forest; and, hence nothing was required, when the materials were conveyed to Jerusalem, but skilled labor to make it perfect and complete from foundation to cope-stone. 3 Master Mason. 27. r/freemasonry. What I purpose, that I perform. This Master Mason Quiz may be used by any member of the Lodge who seeks more light. (They now pass to the pass grip of a Master Mason. He is ultimately responsible for every other lodge officer and their duties, every lodge committee, ritual and degree work, Masonic education, social functions, fundraisers, District and Grand Lodge liaison, Trestle Board communication, etc. Second Ruffian--We will go to some other port. and satisfy them that I was in possession of the. . The "work" known among Masons as the "Webb Work,". (Pronounced by the conductor--Tubal Cain.) paragraph 6. S. W.--I have; from west to east, and from east to west again. W. M. (two raps, all the officers rise to their feet.) of such, and not unto him or them until by due. Jubela!! Turning in his seat toward the Treasurer's desk, he says to the Treasurer: "My worthy brother of Tyre, as the Master's word is now lost, the first sign given at the grave, and the first word spoken, after the body is raised, shall be adopted for the regulation of all Masters' Lodges, until future generations shall find out the right. Worshipful Master gives one rap with his gavel (). and after a few more names, that of the Third Ruffian, "Jubelum! below--above-- Fill our hearts with truth and love; When dissolves our earthly tie, Take us to thy Lodge on High. --Brother Gabe, I presume you now consider yourself a Master Mason, and, as such, entitled to all the privileges of a Master Mason, do you not? Each organization's degrees focus on a different theme, and together, they create a larger story that teaches Freemasons valuable lessons through . Degree, Holy Royal ii. But its esoteric meaning contains some of the most profound spiritual instruction which it is possible to obain to-day. at the same time pulling up the evergreen--or acacia, as it is styled--at the head of the grave. We were sent in haste and on urgent business; there was nothing said about giving us a pass, and we presume it was forgotten, or not deemed necessary. To place the fact of Hiram's being alive at the finishing the Temple beyond all doubt, it is said (2 Chron. I hold in my hand an instrument of death; therefore, give me the Master's word, or I will take your life in a moment! 87:1 Our present Third Degree is not architectural, but traditionary, historical, and legendary; its traditions being unfortunately hyperbolical; its history apocryphal, and its legends fabulous.--The Freemason's Treasury, p. 222. Masonic symbolism is that which is used to illustrate the principles which Freemasonry espouses. Captain--Very well, you can have a passage. You will therefore suffer yourself to be again hoodwinked, and kneel where you are, and pray orally or mentally, as you please. It is the pass-word to the Master's degree. W. M.--The password is right. The avenues to the Lodge are carefully inspected by the meridian officer, whose knowledge and fidelity have entitled him to the confidence of the brethren, and, after he had publicly proclaimed the security of the Lodge, the business of closing proceeds. ii. Phil., p. 297. ), "Kneeling on both my naked knees, both hands resting on the Holy Bible, square, and compasses.". Conductor--By the pass and token of the pass of a Master Mason. The Master (Third Ruffian) then exclaims: W. M. (as Third Ruffian.) ), A. (See grand hailing sign of distress, Fig. Hold up your heads, and hear your sentence. A. It was from the last that he was led to that most violent and excruciating death. A Master Mason has the right to visit lodges throughout the world, sharing in fraternal fellowship with like-minded men who now share a common bond. You say they turned back into the country? At the same time the Senior Warden steps to his stand, and turns up the column on his desk at his right. Conductor (S. D.)--Brother Gabe, who has been regularly initiated Entered Apprentice, passed to the degree of Fellow Craft, and now wishes to receive further light in Masonry, by being raised to the sublime Degree of a Master Mason. You may wish to print them on a separate piece of paper, should you wish to use the quiz in your Masonic education training classes. Let him enter in the name of God, and be received in due and ancient form. in a loud voice, until he calls that of the First Ruffian, "Jubela! --Give me the secrets of a Master Mason! I'll hear no more of your cavilling! Knee to knee--that you will ever remember a brother's welfare, as well as your own, in all your adorations to Deity. As the candidate is hurried along toward Jubelum (Worshipful Master), the latter seizes him with both hands by the collar of his coat, and swings him round, so as to place his back toward the east, with his heels a few inches from the edge of the canvas before alluded to. 96:1 Here the conductor or some brother draws his hand across candidate's naked belly: the sword is often used, especially if the initiation takes place in winter, the sword is left in a cold place--and when it is drawn across candidate's belly, it has a very shocking effect, causing the candidate to jump or tremble. They meet in the Sanctum Sanctorum, or Holy of Holies of King Solomon's Temple.". (See page 247.). What say you, guilty or not guilty? Our Grand Master, Hiram Abiff, having finished his usual exercises, attempted to retire by the south gate, when he was accosted by Jubela, who thrice demanded of him the secrets of a Master Mason, or the Master's word, and, on his being refused, gave him a blow with the twenty-four-inch gauge across his throat, upon which he fled and attempted to pass out at the west gate, where he was accosted by Jubelo, who, in like manner, demanded of him the secrets of a blaster Mason, or the Master's word, and, on his being refused, gave him a blow with the square across his breast, upon which he fled, and attempted to make his escape out at the east gate, where he was accosted by Jubelum, who, in like manner, thrice demanded the secrets of a Master Mason, or the Master's word, and, on his like refusal, gave him a violent blow with the setting-maul on his forehead, which felled him dead on the spot. 2. East upon the step, under the due-guard and. In the Sanctum Sanctorum, or Holy of Holies, of King Solomon's Temple. As Masons, we understand the moral lessons derived from the square. K. S.--.Jubelo, you also stand accessory to the death of our Grand Master, Hiram Abiff. This famous fabric was supported by fourteen hundred and fifty-three columns, and two thousand nine hundred and six pilasters--all hewn from the finest Parian marble. Aprons, Grand Lodge of British Columbia Petition and Join. It is, in fact, not a word, but merely a jumble of letters, forming a sound without meaning." King Solomon, believing him to be indisposed, ordered strict search and due inquiry to be made for him through the several apartments of the Temple, that he might be found, if possible. , worshipful master, senior warden, king solomon, fellow craft, tracing board, solemn obligation, great architect, master mason, middle chamber, junior warden Collection . ii. He begins in a State of 305-6. The Ruffians now return near to the body, when the following conversation takes place: First Ruffian--What shall we do in this case? S. D.--Brother Junior Deacon, is he worthy and well qualified? $399.00. Brethren on the right and left, and communicate it in the East. The traditional account of the death, several burials, and resurrections of one of the craft, Hiram Abiff, the widow's son, as developed in conferring this Degree, is very interesting. and inculcated by Robert Morris,1 is generally accepted as the "Work" of ancient origin, and there is not much doubt but that it will be adopted by the Grand Lodges throughout the United States. p. 175. Thus we find that "Hiram made an end of doing all the work that he made King Solomon for the house of the Lord." ", "Oh! Our Grand Master, Hiram Abiff, who was slain just before the completion of King Solomon's Temple. FIG. further light in Masonry, by being raised to the sublime Degree of a Master Mason. (See sign of a Master Mason, Fig. In the centre, where I was caused to kneel, and implore the blessings of Deity. ", "Yes, here is the body of our Grand Master, Hiram Abiff, in a mangled and putrid state. J. D.--By a brother of this Degree within the outer door. All the implements of Masonry indiscriminately, but more especially the trowel. Answer--Most Worshipful King Solomon, we are but Fellow Crafts; we therefore know nothing about the Master's word or the Master's Degree. Your virtue, honor, and reputation are concerned in supporting with dignity the character you now bear. Ward PREFACE THE third degree in Freemasonry is termed the Sublime Degree and the title is truly justified. Brother Junior Deacon, the last as well as the first care of Masons, when convened? A concise sketch of Brother Barney, the author of the three lectures introduced in. 18.) Uploaded by Rob Bonner. Kneeling at the alter on my naked knees, my naked hands resting on the Holy Bible, Square, and Compasses; in which due form I took the obligation of a Master Mason. Brother Junior Deacon (turning to that officer), you will inform the Tyler. that my body had been cut in two," &c., &c. The third was the voice of Jubelum, exclaiming: Upon which they rushed in, seized, bound, and brought them before King Solomon; who, after a due conviction of their guilt, ordered them to be taken without the gates of the courts of the Temple, and executed according to the several imprecations upon their own heads. W. M.--Is it of his own free-will and accord? never--no, never dies. As the Senior Deacon and candidate pass the different stations of the officers, they (the officers) sound their gavels as follows; when they pass the Junior Warden in the south the first time, he gives one rap (), Senior Warden one rap, and Worshipful Master one rap; the second time, .Junior Warden two raps, Senior Warden two raps, and Worshipful Master two raps (); the third time round, Junior Warden three raps (), Senior. The motives of emigrants were various - to work (or alternatively not to work), to escape an old society or build a new one, to acquire riches, or, as early colonists in New England expressed it, to secure a 'competencie'5 - but they all faced the same challenge of moving from the known to the unknown, and of coming to terms with an . ), Ruffian--Give me the Master's word, or I will take your life in a moment! [paragraph continues] Problem of Euclid, the Hour-Glass, the Scythe, and the Three Steps on the Master's Carpet. --The Freemason's Treasury, p. 301. The Worshipful Master here gives the candidate a blow on his head with a buckskin bag, or setting-maul;1 at the same. These are ideally delivered from memory, and we work very hard to. King Solomon ordered them to divide in parties, and travel three east, three west, three north, and three south, with others whom he should appoint, in search of the ruffians. Prop. and sits down near the candidate. A. At first, I did not doubt your veracity; but now I do! despicable villains! (Gives candidate a sudden twitch by the collar.) A. I was conducted to the Worshipful Master in the east, who presented me with the working-tools of a Master Mason, which are all the implements of Masonry indiscriminately, but more especially the trowel. J. D.--At the right hand of the Worshipful Master in the east. Foot to foot--that you will never hesitate to go on foot, and out of your way, to assist and serve a worthy brother. For there is hope of a tree, if it be cut down, that it will. As soon as a lodge accepts you, you are an apprentice. Let us go and report. No! 2 Fellow Craft. Third Ruffian--Let us secrete ourselves until night and steal a small boat and put to sea. Conductor--I cannot; nor can they be given, except in the presence of Solomon, king of Israel, Hiram, king of Tyre, and myself. About this time, the twelve Fellow Crafts, who had recanted from their murderous designs, appeared before King Solomon, clothed in white gloves and aprons, in token of their innocence, acknowledging their premeditated guilt, and, kneeling, implored his pardon. W. M.--Brother Gabe, on receiving further light, you perceive more than you have heretofore. 137:1 We are told that when the Temple was nearly finished, it was customary at the hour of H. (high) XII., when the men were called from labor to refreshment, for H. A. The beautiful virgin weeping over the broken column denotes the unfinished state of the Temple, likewise the untimely death of our Grand Master, Hiram Abiff; the book open before her, that his virtues lay on perpetual record; the sprig of acacia in her right hand, the divinity of the body; the urn in her left, that his ashes were therein safely deposited, under the "Sanctum Sanctorum, or Holy of Holies," of King Solomon's Temple. that my breast had been torn open, my heart plucked out, and placed upon the highest pinnacle of the Temple, there to be devoured by the vultures of the air, ere I had consented to the death of so good a man as our Grand Master, Hiram Abiff. When the Lodge is opened, the Junior Warden's column is turned down, and the Senior Warden's turned up, at his right hand. 1, King Solomon then ordered them to go and assist in raising the body; and it was agreed between him and Hiram, king of Tyre, that as the Master's word was then lost, the first sigh given at the grave, and the first word spoken after the body should be raised, should be used for the regulation of all Masters'. W. M.--Brother Gabe, you are kneeling, for the third time, at the altar of Masonry, to take upon yourself the solemn oath of a Master Mason; and I, as Master of this Lodge, take pleasure, as on former occasions, in informing you that there is nothing in it which will interfere with the duty you owe to your God, your neighbor, your country, or self. The three, as they were passing a westerly course, coming down near the port of Joppa, met a seafaring man, of whom they inquired if he had seen any strangers pass that way. (nothing being said, Worshipful Master continues): We will then proceed to close; but, before doing so, I would say to Brother Gabe (the candidate)--Is he present? Conductor--Cain. Why had you a cable-tow three times about your naked body? The brethren then all take their seats, and the candidate with them. 1. 18.) 19 watching. WM: The first great care of Masons when convened. 6, p. Complete Master Mason Study Guide - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. In the course of the degree, the new Master Mason is taught the importance of living a life true to the principles of morality and virtue. Suspicious characters! Here are seven things you may not know about Freemasons. The first paragraph of the Obligation is similar in all three degrees and this portion of the Master Mason Obligation was fairly easy for . If this Certification is to be respected and sought after as a mark of accomplishment, we must insist that those who . 127-130. Not!to!be!consulted!in!any!Lodge!or! A. me to rise, salute the Junior and Senior Wardens. (Pronounced by conductor--Tubal Cain.). the end of man, and of the aspiring hopes of all faithful Masons? What say you, sir, guilty or not guilty? Both points of the compasses are elevated above the square, which is to teach you never to lose sight of those truly Masonic virtues, which are friendship, morality, and brotherly love. ii. The particular duties of the leaders of the respective bands of craftsmen are rehearsed. 1. On the points of the compasses, extended from my naked right to left breast, which was to show that as the vital parts of man are contained within the two points of the Compasses, which are friendship, morality, and Brotherly love. If this is the case, you cannot get a passage with me, I assure you. Some portions of the lectures are conducted in the form of questions and answers, as part of the proficiencies, or memory work. In the character of a Master Mason, you are authorized to correct the errors and irregularities of your uninformed brethren, and to guard them against a breach of fidelity. At this time a party arrived with the ruffians, and related that, while sitting down to rest and refresh themselves, they heard the following horrid exclamations from the clefts of an adjacent rock: the first was the voice of Jubela, exclaiming, "Oh! I (state your name) in the presence of the most high and this worthy worshipful and warranted lodge of Master Mason's, regularly held, assembled and properly dedicated, Of my own free will and accord do hereby and Hereon most solemnly and sincerely promise and swear that I will always hele ever conceal and never reveal any . Attempting to get up, he exclaims, "Hallo! After saluting the Wardens, what did you first discover? On the Ground Floor of King Solomon's Temple. 1 (See Note P, page 271.). [paragraph continues] Master that you teach this candidate how to wear his apron as a Master Mason. Q. The Deacon then closes the door, repairs to the centre of the Lodge-room before the altar, and sounds his rod on the floor three times (), which is responded to by the Master with three raps of the gavel, when the Senior Deacon makes the sign of a Master Mason (see Fig. p. 118. They returned and bore this information to King Solomon, who ordered them to disguise themselves and travel as before, with positive instructions to find the ruffians and with as positive assurance that, if they did not, they twelve should he deemed the murderers, and suffer severely for the crime committed. . Q. --O Lord my God, I fear the Master's word is forever lost! pdf, Morals and Dogma, by Albert Pike [1872] I would remark here, that in some Lodges the Master does not make the sign of distress first at the body, but only gives the sign of a Master Mason, which is done by drawing the right hand across the body, with the thumb inward. p. 178. W. M.--Your duty there, Brother Treasurer? Brother A. This you will communicate to the Junior Warden in the south, and he to the brethren about the. The Junior Deacon now passes the candidate over to the Senior. and signing your name to the constitution and by-laws--which will then make you a member of this Lodge. The drawers are rolled up just above the candidate's knees, and both arms are taken out of his shirt-sleeves, leaving his legs and breast bare. Here are three of the poor fellows with us; we must not go and give them up, to be put to death; rather let us take a northwesterly or a southwesterly course. The Square Teaches morality, the Level Equality, and the Plumbrectitude of life. The following is the representation of the Master giving candidate the grand Masonic word, or at least this is a substitute, for, ac-cording to Masonic tradition, the right one was lost at the death of Hiram Abiff. J. W.--Brother Senior Deacon, is he worthy and well qualified, duly and truly prepared? This Masonic third degree can only be offered by Masonic lodges and cannot be taken as a form of free or paid course online. Craftsmen, we are having good times; I wonder if it will last. (makes the sign, see Fig. The highest degree that can be obtained in Freemasonry is the Master Mason Degree. Answer--We will bury it in the rubbish of the Temple, until low twelve, and then we will meet and give it a decent burial. It was his usual practice at high twelve, while the Craft were called from labor to refreshment, to enter into the unfinished Sanctum Sanctorum, or Holy of Holies of the Temple, and there to offer up his adorations to Deity, and there to draw his designs on the trestle-board. You have a rough and rugged road to travel, beset with thieves, robbers, and murderers; and should you lose your life in the attempt, it will not be the first instance of the kind, my brother. Ruffian--This (shaking candidate) does not satisfy me! While it is the duty of the Master of the Lodge to provide a good and wholesome education to the brethren; individual members who seek more light and Masonic lodge Education Officers may also use this Masonic quiz to teach others.. Masonic quiz taking can be both fun and enlightening, wherein each brother goes . 147:1 A Grand Lecturer is elected annually at the session of the Grand Lodge of each State. J. W.--High twelve, Worshipful. Some Lodges use the following questions and answers, both at opening and closing: W. M.--Why did you leave the west and travel to the east? On being brought to more light, what did you first discover more than you had heretofore done? Give me the Master's word, or I will take your life in a moment! 30 WM: As further evidence that all present are Master Masons, receive the pass-word from the Senior SW: (S) Worshipful Master. I'm the International Master Council of DeMolay and an EA out of Myrtle lodge in Oklahoma City. that my throat had been cut across," &c., &c.; the second was the voice of Jubelo, exclaiming, "Oh! When the candidate is prepared, the Deacon takes him by the left arm, leads him up to the door of the Lodge, and gives three loud, distinct knocks. (See Fig. S. W. (rising to his feet and making the sign.) Conductor--From the real grip of a Fellow Craft to the pass grip of a Master Mason. Rite of Freemasonry Exaltation Ritual, Order In addition to the presiding Master, three Past Masters will work as acting Masters in obligating an exemplar candidate for each of the three degrees. Turning to the Senior Warden, he continues: K. S.--My worthy brother of Tyre, I will thank you to endeavor to raise the body by the Fellow Craft's grip. The false brethren are represented by Judas, who proved false to his Master; and the sprig of cassia represented the cross, of which wood it is said to have been composed." One can become a 32nd Degree Mason in a relatively short period of time depending on one's obedience. A. On the flap is delineated an eye, and on the area selections from the Master's carpet. J. W.--Pass. (Shakes candidate. What is the meaning of this? --No, we have no pass; we did not know it was necessary. MASTER GIVING THE GRAND MASONIC WORD ON THE FIVE POINTS OF FELLOWSHIP. we must not go and report ourselves; if we do, the twelve will be put to death. Q. Senior Warden, one. When through, signify by saying Amen, and arise and pursue your journey. . JD: To see that they are duly tyled. The Setting-Maul, Spade, Coffin, Grave, and Sprig of Acacia; and are thus explained. "All this I most solemnly, sincerely promise and swear, with a firm and steady resolution to perform the same, without any hesitation, mental reservation, or secret evasion of mind what-ever, binding myself, under no less penalty than that of having my body severed in two,1 my bowels taken from thence and burned to ashes, the ashes scattered before the four winds of heaven, that no more remembrance might be had of so vile and wicked a wretch as I would be, should I ever, knowingly, violate this my Master Mason's obligation. The Rough Ashlar is the stone taken from the quarry in its rude and natural state The Perfect Ashlar is the stone prepared by the workmen, to be adjusted by the working tools . The Senior Warden approaches the candidate and ties the apron upon him, with the flap and corners turned down, and says: The conductor now conducts the candidate back to the Worshipful Master in the east. There are three of them, and only three of us. B. divided the operatives the three classes, viz., Apprentices, Fellow Crafts, and Masters; paying the wages of the former at the pillar of J (Jachin), and the Masters in the Middle Chamber. I furthermore promise and swear that I will not cheat, wrong or defraud a Lodge of Fellow Craft, or a brother of this degree knowingly or wittingly. The Senior Deacon, who has stationed himself at the inner door, at the right of the Senior Warden, on hearing these raps rises to his feet, makes the sign of a Master Mason to the Master (see Fig. Jubelo! He directed me to the Senior Warden in the west, and he to the Worshipful Master in the east, where the same questions were asked, and like answers returned as before. W. M. (one rap, Senior Warden rises to his feet.) Freemasonry is not a religion per se, but agnostics or atheists cannot belong, said Brent Morris, a Masonic historian, editor of the Scottish Rite Journal, and a 33rd degree Freemason. Every human being has a claim upon your kind offices. The other example of such a covenant is in Genesis xv.--Historical Landmarks, vol. They roll the canvas around and over the candidate where he fell, which is in the east or northeast corner of the Lodge, and, for a few moments, retire, when the Lodge becomes still as the hour of midnight; not a sound is permitted to be made; all go--if at all--from place to place on tiptoe. beneficios del noni en el hombre, dirty wedding limericks,
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